Friday, September 6, 2019
Unicef Events Essay Example for Free
Unicef Events Essay EXECUTIVE SUMMARY On May 21, 2008 at 4pm in Yellowstone National Park, there will be a fundraising project to promote and support children’s education in the country. It will be a walkathon named The UNICEF Walkathon which aims to raise 21,000 dollars to be able to provide schools all over the world with basic school supplies and facilities. We will be inviting families, students, celebrities and athletes from all over the Metro to walk for a cause giving $10 per kilometer completed. Last May 21, 2008, they walked the talk. Converging at the Yellowstone National Park, they all took part in UNICEF’s â€Å"Take a Walk on the Child’s Side†Walkathon. Individual walkers, groups of friends, whole companies – even pets – were given the choice to walk any of the 2.5-, 5-, or 7.5-kilometer segments of the walkathon. And their donations, ranging from $5 to $10 and more, poured in in support of children’s education. This will be organized by the 2nd batch of Volunteer Interns from UNICEF; the half-day event aims to raise more than $20,000 to aid UNICEF’s efforts around the world, focusing primarily on improving the quality of education especially in the rural areas(What we do). INTRODUCTION and EVENT BACKGROUND VISION AND MISSION STATEMENT The vision of UNICEF is for all children around the world enjoy their rights and have a bright future within caring and protective families and communities (wwww.unicef.org). This vision can be attained through: Advocating that all children around the world have the optimal conditions necessary for growth, development and security (Help the Homeless). Widen the community of actors engaged in securing the maximum level of care for children and fulfillment of children’s rights. Demonstrate principles of transparency, effectiveness and accountability as managers of resources for all children. UNICEF work with various governments at the national, regional, and local levels (how to help the children in need). Through this system of cooperation, UNICEF seeks also the support and cooperation of NGOs and the private sector. This conglomerate encourages governors, mayors, and local leaders to build child-friendly communities. Effective communication is implemented with parents and community leaders about the rights of their children. Training of daycare workers, teachers, and health workers is conducted. Legislative actions and policy making directed towards the empowerment of children is encouraged by influencing the police, lawyers, and judges to set up a justice system sensitive to the needs of children (Brown, N., Bayer, E. 2000). UNICEF aids in developing infrastructure such as build daycare centers, child-friendly schools, and health centers. We construct sanitary toilets and water systems. With the help of UNICEF, organizations are able to reach out to children living in the streets, working in hazardous conditions, broken the law, abused and neglected, and those caught in armed conflict and affected by strife and disasters. We offer children the chance to speak out and be heard (What is Unicef?). PURPOSE/GOAL/ OBJECTIVE Unicef Walkathon (walk on the child’s side) To generate $20,000 for the â€Å"Promise for children’s dreams†Project, through: Walkathon participation Ticket sales from different Activities Concessionaires/Food Booths Bazaars in the event area To increase active participation in advocating for children’s rights To increase awareness about UNICEF and its goals That all children have dreams Children’s rights Variety Show Youth for the Youth – UNICEF invited different young amateur and professional performers to grace the event and showcase their talents. As successful and goal-driven members of the youth, they will be performing for the benefit of the less-fortunate youth in order to help them achieve their dreams and live a happy and contented childhood. They will be giving messages of hope and dreams, and ultimately become role models. OVERVIEW OF THE NATURE OF THE EVENT Variety Show Mass Opening Ceremonies Variety Program Variety Program Features Song Numbers Amateur: Michelle Ferriols BLD Music Ministry Trivent Splitcide Professional/Main Performer: AKAfellas Dance Numbers Escola Brasileira de Capoeira Company of Ateneo Dancers Into the Woods Play Excerpt: Blue Repertory Raffle Prizes Awards Ceremony Host and Performers Host: Bianca Gonzalez OVERVIEW STATEMENT OF WORK REQUIRED WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE (Stuckenbruck, L. C., 1981) Participant’s mechanics Walkathon participants Cost of entrance for pre-registered participants Cost of entrance for walk-in participants Nature and kind of freebies to be given to participants Walkathon Walkathon slogan Route Number of rounds for the route Management system Prizes for the winners Walkathon Activities Concessionaires for activities Food concessionaires Food Booths Big Sponsors’ Booths Simple Booths: (Taho, Dirty Ice Cream) Organizations’ Stalls Volunteers and Logistics Registration system Location System of registration for participants Sound System and Stage Floor Plan and Wattage Volunteers’ and operators’ food Promotions strategy (Special Event Publicity) Pre-event advertisement News Release : Unicef Invites Public to Walk on the Child’s side Announce the event and its significance. Invite participants, supporters and sponsors (if needed). Explain the mechanics and what’s in it for joiners. For: sports pages, 9 dailies + selected tabloids Timing: 1st week April News Feature : Unicef Mounts Walkathon for XYZ Focus on the reason behind the walkathon. Expound on UNICEF projects for children that need support and the public’s understanding. Invite more support and participation. For: Lifestyle pages, dailies Timing: second week April Feature: Try The Walkathon – It’s New, Healthy and Fun! Try to arouse more interest for the sport by explaining the mechanics of the sport. Why do both feet always have to touch the ground in this sport? What are the health benefits? Include trivia about walkathons past that would arouse interest. Underscore the significance of the project and introduce the beneficiary – why it needs support. For: Lifestyle or Sports pages, dailies + weeklies Timing: 3rd week April News Releases / Photo Releases : Updates on the                                 Walkathon Event Give final call for registrants; announce venue, time, prizes, mechanics, special guests, celebrities, etc. (there will be a series of straightforward news announcements about these details of the Race before the actual event. For: sports sections of dailies and weeklies Timing: From 3rd week April to just the day before the   Race Event advertisement                        Provide: TV Coverage Print Media Coverage Photo Coverage Invite: Key government officials or civic personalities to attend Celebrities with their child actors and actresses to attend Sports Media to cover the event Conduct: A Walkathon Clinic or clinics in strategic areas before the event to familiarize the mall-going public with the sport and the event. On-the-spot â€Å"lectures†or tip-giving by sports experts about Walkathon racing just before the event on the day itself. Set up Registration Centers for the Walkathon before the event in malls and other crowd-heavy places (including schools; i.e. summer schools, cooking schools) where interested participants may sign up. Prepare token rewards (a sticker? E.g. â€Å"I Walked My Talk with UNICEF†) to give to all participants who show up at Yellowstone National Park on event day. (Optional) Stage: A Program with some entertainment numbers before the announcement of winners and the awarding of medals (To be discussed separately)  Post-event advertisement  TV News Footages of the Project in Selected TV News Programs Short Features of the Project in Selected TV Sports/ Magazine Programs PRINT News Stories with Photo : Winners of Unicef                                                   Walkathon Photo Spreads : Montage of Walkathon Scenes       And Personalities, UNICEF       Officials, people Personality Features: Choose one or several key personalities who joined or watched the Walkathon and write feature articles about them. Place the articles in lifestyle sections, sports magazines, women’s magazines. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE   TIMELINES Gantt Chart (Badiru, 1993) April 11-16 Finalize marketing letter to sponsors (packages) Finalize operations Finalize registration form/flyer Finalize letters to companies for pledges Finalize letters to celebrities Finalize the logistics requirements Send out letters to companies (for pledges and sponsorship) Send out letters to celebrities Start distribution of flyers/registration forms Coordinate with PR and promo Ocular (mapping) List target companies for sponsors April 18-22 Start promotions of the program Ongoing roll out of letters Follow-up with companies we sent proposals to Set up meetings with interested companies. Coordinate in getting volunteers Contact City officials â€Å"Logistic hunting†(i.e. sound system, tents) Finalize mapping and placement (log) Food Flow   Day 20-May   Meal allotment Lunch Dinner SUM UNICEF VOLUNTEERS   65  Technical crew 20 20   Marshals group     Traffic Management     Programs 15    Special Events 10    Secretariat    LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS     Traffic Enforcers     First aid     Swat     Police     Fire brigade    ORGANIZERS     Genesis 5 5  PERFORMERS       Total 75     Day 21-May   Meal allotment Breakfast Lunch SUM UNICEF VOLUNTEERS   170  Technical crew 20 20   Marshals group 15 15   Traffic Management 10 10   Programs 15 15   Special Events 10 10   Secretariat 15 15  LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS   78  Traffic Enforcers 13 13   First aid 8 8   Swat 7 7   Police 7 7   Fire brigade 4 4  ORGANIZERS     Genesis 5 5  PERFORMERS 50       Total 308      GRAND TOTAL 383  RUNNING SHEET (running sheet) Running Sheet   Day Time Activity 19-May Whole day Ingress/Delivery to Yellowstone National Park  Borrowed tents  Drinks from corporate partners  Collaterals from UNICEF  Collaterals from marketing agency  Collaterals from Corporate Partners  Borrowed tables and chairs SET-UP  Holding Area  20-May Whole day Ingress/Delivery to Yellowstone National Park  Hardcopies of the Walkathon database  Cash boxes  Borrowed tents  Drinks from corporate partners  Collaterals from UNICEF  Collaterals from marketing agency  Collaterals from Corporate Partners  Borrowed tables and chairs  9:00am onwards ARRIVAL OF THE VOLUNTEERS SET-UP  Tents for the booth area  Tents for the concessionaires  Tents for the water stations  Tents for the registration area  Tents for the breakfast area  Lounge area (tables and chairs, and tents)  Main stage (set-up and design)  Volunteers food booth  Headquarters  VIP Area  UNICEF advocacy banners around the route  UNICEF advocacy materials in Yellowstone National Park  Collaterals of Corporate partners  12:00nn LUNCH  3:00pm onwards TECHNICAL DRY RUN  Booth area  Concessionaire area  Water Stations  Registration area  Lounge Area  Headquarters  Main stage  7:00pm DINNER of skeleton crew  21-May 12:01am onwards Ingress/Set-up  Sounds system  Portalets Arrival of Volunteers/ volunteers briefing  1:00am onwards Ingress/Set-up  Food concessionaires  Special events teams  2:00am Ingress/Set-up  Registration equipment (Laptops) SOUND CHECK FINAL TESTING  Registration Area  Walkathon route  Water stations  Lounge Area  Concessionaires Area  3:30am Set-up of the directional signage along the road  6:00am-1:00pm EVENT  1:00pm LUNCH  2:00pm-onwards EGRESS  Food concessionaires  Exhibitors  Special events team  Local government Units  Money from the donation/pledges Pack up  Registration area  Tables and chairs  Tents  Sounds system  Water stations  Advocacy Banners Removal  Event directional materials  4:00pm (or earlier)-onwards EGRESS of all materials MANAGEMENT PLAN Event Area Traffic management plan (traffic management – venues and events) DROP OFF POINTS FOR THE PARTICIPANTS EVALUATION, CONTROL AND MONITORING SYSTEMS Garbage disposal system (waste management plan) Baggage Counter            Two small tables will be put up at the entrance of the Administration Building; one â€Å"in†and one â€Å"out†. The participants who wish to have their bags put in the baggage counter/claim their bags from the baggage counter should fall in line outside the building            Ten long tables, which will serve as storage area, will be put up inside the Administration Building. Each table is assigned twenty bagsâ€â€ten on either side. The same also follows for the area below the table. [400 baggage]            A minimum of four volunteers is required of this system. One would be assigned to each of the tables at the entrance while two would be the â€Å"claimers†, one for incoming bags and the other for the outgoing bags.  Garbage Disposal            Garbage cans will be placed near the water stations: 5 stations * 2 cans = 10 cans. Also the water station volunteers per station should each take turns to make rounds (0.5km stretch only) at 30-minute intervals to check for trash as well as to remind people to dispose their trash properly. BUDGET Walkathon expenditures (Funding the budget) Supplies Expense (Office Line Enterprises) $ 43.65 Representation (from meetings) $ 38.88 Towels (for walkers) $ 183.67 Food expense (for volunteers) $ 204.08 Walkers bib $ 122.45 Portalets $ 126.53 Tables and chairs $ 122.14 Ice $ 24.49 Walkathon forms $ 61.22 Pre-event promo materials $ 172.20 Tarpaulin expense $ 240.76 $ 0.00 Volunteer IDs $ 137.14 TOTAL $ 1,477.22 Promotions strategy (Guide to Special Events) Regular Representation $ 1,020.00 Event Media-Related Expenses $ 1,632.00 TV Coverage ($612.00) Print Media Coverage ($816) Photo/Video Coverage ($204) Photography (for Pre-Event/Post-Event) $ 204.00 (Service Fee + Copies) Operational Costs $ 409.00 (Covers Transportation Expenses, Press kit, TV Monitoring and Dubbing Fees, Scanning Fees, Media Delivery Costs, Photocopying, Coordination expenses, Materials, Publications) Professional Fees $ 1,224.00 (Covers Conceptualization of PR/Media Strategies, Writing/Editing of Materials, Media Contacts and Liaison, Media Invitations and Coordination, Clipping/ Monitoring, Coordination with Invited VIPs/ Celebrities, TOTAL $ 4,489.00 Conclusion: Projects as critical as the Unicef fund raising project for their projects and programs has truly benefited from the utilization and effective implementation of events management theories and methods. By using the prescribed guidelines in effective events management, most if not all of the elements needed to effectively implement the project were identified and addressed (Sargeant 2004). As proper events management would entail, it is important to clearly identify the project’s purpose and objectives for making the event. By being able to define the objectives of the fundraising project of Unicef, the events group is able to identify necessary and unnecessary items needed for the event. This greatly narrows down the needed work to be done and makes sure that all the elements of the events being implemented are value-adding activities that help in achieving the project’s objectives and goals. After by being able clearly identify the objectives of the project, the group can then move on to events planning and effective implementation. As prescribed in effective events management, there is a need for a clear creation of an organizational structure. A clear organizational structure makes sure for an effective and efficient implementation group and would imply effective communication within affected groups of people. As would conventional events and project management would demand, it is important for effective communication. IN addition, by having a clear structure, there is a systematic approach to the implementation of the event; there is a clear identification of duties and responsibilities and what he/she is supposed to deliver. In the Unicef event, the group was able to clearly plan as well the promotional strategy for this event. As fund raising events clearly need publicity, it was important for the group to identify and to plan out an effective means of how to strategize the effective utilization of publicity in order to attract more and more participants. Other parts of planning prescribed in events management is the use of a running sheet. With this the group was able to clearly identify the time lines on pre-event, event and post-event days and address as much as possible all areas that were needed to be addressed. Everything in the running sheet was needed to be checked and to be verified in order to assure that everything will run smoothly on the event day. Food was also one of the issues addressed in planning stage by creating a food flow for all volunteers involved as it would be important to provide food to the hundreds of volunteers supporting the event. A key point also addressed in effective business management is managing potentials areas for risk and how to alleviate it. For instance, in the Unicef event, this was done by creating an effective traffic management plan and a clear garbage disposal program. Lastly, one of key points of effective events management is effective budget planning. This is ever so critical as it is important to be prudent in spending as this project is a fundraising event, therefore it is important for the event to earn money as it is implemented. If there is no earnings, then there would be no use for the project. Effective events management has truly aided in the implementation of this project. Without effectively managing this event this event would not be able to amass funds for the projects of Unicef and at the same time would be negative publicity for the organization. However, due to effective events management there is a large possibility that the Unicef walkathon would amass much needed funds for the projects of Unicef and at the same time publicity for Unicef’s advocacies and programs. References: A running sheet in relation to project management? Available at http://www.faqs.org/qa/qa-20485.html Badiru, A. B. 1993, Quantitative Models for Project Planning, Scheduling, and Control. Westport, CT: Quorum Books. Brown, N., Bayer, E. 2000, Advocacy in Action: Perspectives from UNICEF. Childhood Education, 76(5), 316-. Business Knowledge Center. Gantt Chart. Available at http://www.netmba.com/operations/project/gantt/ Funding the budget. Available at http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/whatson/planning/organising/funding.asp h f. traffic management – venues and events. Available at http://www.lbhf.gov.uk/Directory/Transport_and_Streets/Roads_highways_and_pavements/Traffic_management_-_venues_and_events/54909_Traffic_management_venues_and_events.asp Help the Homeless. Available at http://www.helpthehomelessdc.org/ Running sheet of breakout session (draft 1). Available at http://www.nihs.go.jp/dig/ich/apec/BRS1Program.htm Running sheet. Available at www.hollows.org/upload/3372.pdf Sargeant, A., Jay, E. 2004, Fundraising Management. New York: Routledge. Stuckenbruck, L. C. (Ed.). 1981, The Implementation of Project Management: The Professionals Handbook. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Traffic Management. Available at http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/whatson/planning/organising/traffic.asp S. Department of Transportation. Traffic Management System. Available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/tfhrc/safety/tms.htm Unicef HK. How to help the children in need. Available at http://www.unicef.org.hk/docs/new/frame.php?lang=epage=help_corp.htm Unicef, What we do. Available at www.unicef.org University Communications and marketing. Guide to Special Events. Available at http://www.kent.edu/ucm/PoliciesStandards/Events.cfm University Communications and marketing. Special Event Publicity. Available at http://www.kent.edu/ucm/PoliciesStandards/SEpublicity.cfm Walk on the Child’s side. Available at http://www.unicef.org/philippines/support/sup_14.html Waste Management plan. Available at http://www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/whatson/planning/organising/wastemgmt.asp What is Unicef? Available at http://www.sil.org/linguaLinks/literacy/ ReferenceMaterials/GlossaryOfLiteracyTerms/WhatIsUNICEF.htm
The Writings of Shakespeare and Donne Essay Example for Free
The Writings of Shakespeare and Donne Essay The poems from William Shakespeare and John Donne that interest me are â€Å"Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day†and â€Å"The flea†. One of the main reason that I am writing about these two poems are because they are the only ones that I know of because that is what we talked about in class and I have never read poetry in my life. Poetry has always been difficult for me to read because of my mild case of dyslexia. I have to read the sentence a couple of times before I finally figure out what the writer is trying to say. Obviously I have heard of Shakespeare before and knew about his works that included Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Macbeth, and Julius Caesar. What I didn’t know was how successful and influential his poetry was. But unlike William Shakespeare, I have never heard about John Donne until the lecture a few days ago. After reading the two poems I believe that there are many similarities and differences in the style that both of these poets write. In â€Å"Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day by William Shakespeare I certainly feel that the author is addressing a woman with whom he is truly in love. This is purveyed to me by the two strong opening lines, â€Å"Shall I compare thee to a summers day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate†. Shakespeare starts the sonnet off with how strongly he loves this woman and then goes on to say â€Å"Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all to short a date: Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines†Shakespeare is saying that even though he loves her, she is still not perfect. Afterwards he goes on to say, â€Å"But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st†which he is saying that her youth will not fade and that her beauty will always remain with her for the rest of her life. It ends with â€Å"So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. †He is trying to say that as long as people are alive on the Earth, his feelings towards this woman will never change and will allow her to live forever. A poem we have studied and which also focuses on a similar situation to that of â€Å"Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day†is â€Å"The flea†by John Donne. In it he goes on to say that the flea has sucked both of their bloods and how they are now mingled together. He says, â€Å"This flea is you and I, and this Our marriage bed and marriage temple is†The man in the story believes that he and the woman are one with the flea and if she decides to kill the flea she would be killing the marriage between them. The poem ends with, â€Å"’Tis true; then learn how false fears be: Just so much honor, when thou yield’st to me, Will waste, as this flea’s death took life from thee. This means that if she were to sleep with him, she would lose no more honor than she lost when she killed the flea. The similarities between â€Å"The flea†and â€Å"Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day†are not quite as numerous as the differences. One of the main similarities is that both of the main characters are in love with a woman, even their love seems to be the opposite of each other. There are many differences in the way that Shakespeare and Donne write. Shakespeare is more in your face I guess you would say. He doesn’t use as much trickery as Donne does in his sonnet and is a lot easier to understand in my opinion. The tone in â€Å"Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day†seems to be more upbeat than in â€Å"The flea†. How Donne uses a flea and blood in his sonnet makes it seem more ominous. As you can see, they are many similarities and differences in the way that William Shakespeare and John Donne write in â€Å"Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day†and â€Å"The Flea†. Both of these poets had a long lasting impact upon Western Civilization and helped influence the English language all around the world. If someday I become hooked to reading poetry, I can look back and know these two poems are what got me addicted.
Thursday, September 5, 2019
Sports In Russia During 1905 To 1913 History Essay
Sports In Russia During 1905 To 1913 History Essay The early twentieth century was a very important time for Russian sports history; many new types of sports gained popularity throughout the country and the nation took its level of athletic competition to an all time new level. Understanding the role of sports in Russias history is significant because sports are more than a form of entertainment for spectators as well as those who participate in them. The reality is that sports are a great symbol of exercise, physical fitness, a healthy life style/society, and camaraderie between teammates and even opponents. Furthermore, when a nation competes in sporting competitions with other nations, this is a form of athletic socialization that suggests healthy and friendly relationships with other countries. For these reasons, understanding the role of sports during this time period in Russian history is valuable to understanding this time period in Russia. Among the sports that took center stage during this time period were tennis and soccer, although basketball, cricket, fencing, wrestling and various other sports did gain popularity during this time period as well. In addition to sports gaining popularity, the early twentieth century was also an important time for Russian sports for a different reason; during this period, the initial endeavors of Russia in the most popular sports competition in the world took place, the Olympic Games! Tennis in Russia during 1910 (Nikolaev and Gazeta 1). One sport that gained increased recognition during the first decade of the twentieth century was tennis. This sport, which was originally introduced in Russia during the summer of 1878, was even enjoyed by Tsar Nicholas II himself! In fact, Tsar Nicholas II was a keen tennis player. His diary entries are full of references to the sport: played tennis after breakfast until 5 oclock, played a lot of tennis, enjoyed playing tennis, I personally played seven sets, went to play tennis early and played and sweated a great deal (Nikolaev and Gazeta 1). In addition to this famous leader, there were other proponents of the sport that also helped increase its popularity. For example, some men who are now considered by many people as the pioneers of professional tennis in Russia include Count Mikhail Sumarokov-Elston, who was Russias champion in 1910-1914, as well as Arthur MacPherson, who was one of the founders of Russian lawn tennis (Nikolaev and Gazeta 1). Soccer During the later part of the nineteenth century, Soccer was gaining popularity in Russia; however, in the eyes of the Russian government, this was not perceived as a good thing. In fact, the Russian government actually went to great lengths in order to attempt to restrict the practice of soccer amongst the countrys ethnic minorities. The purpose of this policy was to try and maintain the sport as something that was exclusively for the countrys elite. In order to accomplish this, those who were considered of a lower class, could not be associated with the game. Not surprisingly, this policy failed, and the games popularity spread quickly during the time when many Russian students were returning home from England. By 1905, the majority of Russias clubs had already been established, and in 1912, according to the Russian National Football Ream website, The Football Association of Russia was founded in 1912 and became affiliated to FIFA that same year. During this same year, Russia partic ipated in an Olympic Games Football Tournament for the first time in its history. Other Sports Basketball was also popular in Russia during the early years of the twentieth century (Nelson 22). In addition to this sport, cricket was also appreciated throughout Russia. In fact, there were many popular sports clubs throughout the country during this time period where people could go to enjoy this game; there were even some clubs that were specifically dedicated to the game of cricket, such as the St. Petersburg Cricket Club (Nikolaev and Gazeta 1). Other sports played in Russia during this time include fencing, football, wrestling, racing, and gymnastics. Although there were other sports that were played and well-loved in Russia during this time period, these sports were among the most popular. Olympics Not only were many sports gaining popularity in the country during the early twentieth century, but it was during this time period that Russia began competing on an international level as well. Up until this point, the majority of Russias sport activities were local. Indeed, the most noteworthy change in Russian sports history was that this nation began competing in the Olympic Games. Although this was a big change in Russian sports history, it is important to note that despite Russias initial participation in these Olympic Games of 1900, the country did not compete in the Olympics again until 1908. Russia chose not to partake in the 1904 summer Olympics, but in the 1908 games, Russia not only competed, but the nation completed the games ranking in twelfth place. The 1908 London Summer Olympics Photo of Nikolai Panin (Dolgopolov 33) [About] one hundred years ago, at the fourth modern Olympics, held in London in 1908, Russia sent a team that was comprised of six athletes; three of them returned with medals. Nikolai Panin was the only one to bring home a gold medal Russias first ever. Panin won it in special figures figure skating (London was the first Olympics to include a non-summer sport). Nikolai Orlov and Alexei Petrov returned with silver medals in wrestling (Dolgopolov 33). In addition to skating and wrestling, Russia also took part in racing that year. However, Russia only had one athelete competing in the the athletics segment of the Olympic games, which greatly decreased their chances of winning a medal. The Russian athelete who did partipate in the athletics segment managed to take ninteenth place out of the twenty-seven racers who also competed in those games (The British Olympic Council 49). The 1912 Stockholm Summer Olympics Russias commendable victory in the 1908 London Summer Olympics was followed by another great performance in the 1912 Stockholm Summer Olympics. Although Russia did not win any gold medals in these games, the country still managed to win two silver medals and three bronze medals, which was good enough to give Russia a ranking of sixteenth place in those games. One of the silver medals was won by a team comprised of Amos Kash, Nikolai Melnitsky, Pavel Voyloshnikov and Grigori Panteleimonov; the game was called Shooting, Mens Team 30m military pistol. In addition, the other silver medal was won by Martin Klein in the Wrestling, Greco-Roman middleweight games. In regards to the bronze medals, Mart Kuusik won one medal in the Rowing, Mens single sculls game. Also, Esper Beloselsky, Ernest Brasche, Nikolai Puschnitsky, Aleksandr Rodionov, Iosif Schomaker, Philip Strauch, and Karl Lindblom won a medal in Sailing, Mens 10m class. Finally, Harry Blau won a bronze medal in Shooting, Mens Trap. During these Olympics, Russia exhibited much more skill and willingness to compete that it did in the years preview; this is evident not only in the number of sports games that Russia took part in, but also the number of Russia athletes that competed that year in comparison to the 1900 Olympics in Paris and the 1908 Olympics in London (THE SWEDISH OLYMPIC COMMITTEE 852-861). (THE SWEDISH OLYMPIC COMMITTEE 268) Also worth mentioning is that the 1912 Olympics was Russias debut in the swimming games. Another first for Russia that year was in the cycling part of the games; there were a total of ten cyclists competing on behalf of Russia that year. Diving was another first for Russia, although the nation only had one individual representing it in that segment. Furthermore, the nation sent a total of thirty-five athletes in order to compete on the nations behalf in the athletics segment of the games (ex., racing), which was a huge improvement in comparison to the single marathon runner who competed for Russia in the 1908 Olympic Games. Other games that Russia participated in the 1912 Olympics included equestrian, jumping, fencing, football, gymnastics, rowing, sailing, modern pentathlon, shooting, rowing, tennis, and wrestling. Clearly, Russia has increased its interest in competing in the Olympic games over the past dozen years. Taking a Break from the Olympics Partaking in the Olympic Games was a very important part of Russian sports history, given that the Olympics symbolize global friendliness, fair-play, and unity. It is clear that Russia began taking the Olympics much more seriously with each subsequent visit to the Olympics; this is evident from the number of athletes that this nation decided to send to the Olympics in 1912. It seemed as though Russias participation in these games would be long lasting; however, the camaraderie and national pride that Russian citizens gained during those three trips to the Olympics was short lived. This is because it would be decades before these Russian citizens could feel the national pride of a Russian winning a medal again. The 1916 Olympic Games were cancelled due to World War I and the 1940 and 1944 Olympic Games were cancelled due to World War II. Although these three Olympic Games were canceled as a result of global chaos, this only offers an explanation for three Games. Russia chose not to co mpete in the Olympics again until the 1952 Games, but this time, Russia was not considered Russia anymore; it was the Soviet Union that competed in its place. This brief time that Russia participated in the Olympics has gone down in history as Russias first Olympic endeavors and a very important milestone in Russian Sports history. Dolgopolov, Nikolai. Russias First Gold Medalist. Russian Life 51.4 (2008): 33. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 7 Mar. 2010. Nelson, M. The Originals: the New York Celtics invent modern basketball. New York: Bowling Green State Univrsity Popular Press, 1999. THE BRITISH OLYMPIC COUNCIL. The Fourth Olypiad London 1908 Official Report. London: THE BRITISH OLYMPIC ASSOCIATION, 1908. 06 March 2010 THE SWEDISH OLYMPIC COMMITTEE. The Olympic Games of Stockholm 1912 Official Report. Stockholm: WAHLSTRÃÆ'-M WIDSTRAND, 1912. 06 March 2010 Russian National Football Team. A look at Russia. 04 March 2010
Wednesday, September 4, 2019
Television Violence Essay -- Media TV Violent Essays
Television Violence The media is everywhere in our lives. From billboards to SMS text messaging on cell phones, we cannot escape the media and its impact on daily life. Of the many impacts, television violence and the influence it has on youth is one of the most debated topics. Many experts, including some from the University of California, Santa Barbra, say that the amount and type of violence viewed results in violent actions performed by youth of all ages and violence continually affects them throughout their lives. Others are more skeptical and argue that the media is not the sole cause of youth violence; they believe that there are many other factors that contribute to the violent behaviors of youth. They see the condition more as a mixture of different situations that cause violence in youth, violence on television being just one of the factors. However, both sides of the argument understand that each individual is a separate situation and reacts differently to the violence portrayed. This essay will inform the reader of the claims both sides formulate to defend their argument and allow the reader to determine their own conclusion. Many studies over the past seven years have sought to prove that television and the violence portrayed does have a direct influence on youth and how they will deal with situations in real life. Out of the many studies, one of the most concrete and convincing is the National Television Violence Study (or NTVS) conducted by University of California Santa Barbra, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, University of Texas at Austin and the University of Wisconsin Madison. This study observes not only the response of youth to various types of content but also observed the response of th... ...Media violence: Exposure and Content. Retrieved February 10, 2004 from http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/youthviolence/chapter4/appendix4bsec2.html#TelevisionFilm National Television Violence Study, ed. Federman. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc, 1998 The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. (1999, April). Children and TV Violence. Retrieved February 10, 2004 from http://www.aacap.org/publications/factsfam/VIOLENCE.HTM Youth Violence: A Report of the Surgeon General. (Unknown). Appendix4b Retrieved February 10, 2004 from http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/youthviolence/chapter4/appendix4b.html Youth Violence: A Report of the Surgeon General. (Unknown) Media violence: Exposure and Content. Retrieved February 10, 2004 from http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/youthviolence/chapter4/appendix4bsec2.html#TelevisionFilm
Tuesday, September 3, 2019
The World of Commercial Art and the International Art Market Essay
The World of Commercial Art and the International Art Market The main aims of this research are to acquire an understanding of the conditions of the art market and to develop a critical knowledge of the commercial art world and the relevant international market. The idea that the international art market is a regulator in the post academy art world has implications on the formation of prices and values in the art market, due to the macroeconomic reality, political and cultural changes of this period. Throughout the nineteenth century, the Acadà ©mie des Beaux-Arts continued to produce many important artists. It lost its power only at the turn of the century when it failed to acknowledge radical styles such as Impressionism and Post-Impressionism. The downfall of academic art also was hastened by economic changes in the art market, which included the growth of independent exhibitions and the development of private sales galleries. Over these years, the unsettled system of financial market which the art market became part of has evolved into a greater conscience of the complex behaviour of the individual in his The commercial market economy has been favourable for the development of the arts. Therefore, the market limits the supply of art and antiques studying the consumer economic preference. Hence, market segmentation, division of labour and specialisation caused a division between high and low culture, and separate good art from junk art. In this way, the art market should select the talented artists in a free and wealthy society that allows a very large number of artists to have more opportunities becoming financially independent and to acquire artistic freedom. Although, the role played by the dealer in the market, as cultural entrepreneur, is important for maintain the value of the product. In this instance, how best the international art market can be organized, what is the best way to balance the supply of art and what is the market's purpose through the dissociation of good art from junk art. The market must restrict the supply of art and antiques selecting the talented artists, good art, thereafter raising the relative value of a work of art. Therefore and based on this statement, this essay will consider arguments for the market as the regulator of the supply of art and point out some of the problems with this market's function  «What is ... ...Priceless: Art, Artists and Economics. (New York: Basic) HEILBRUN, J. and GRAY, C.M., 1993. The Economics of Art and Culture, An American Perspective (Cambridge University Press) JEFFRI, J., 1983. Arts Money, Raising it, Saving it and Earning it (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press) OWEN, V.L., 1979. "The Effects of Mass Markets on Artistic Quality", Journal of Cultural Economics, Vol.3, no2 REITLINGER, G., 1961. The Economics of Taste, vol I, The Rise and Fall of Picture Prices, 1760-1960 (Holt: Rhinehart & Winston) ROBERTSON, I.A., 2000. The Emerging Art Markets of Great China 1989-1999 (London: City University) SAVAGE, G., 1969. The Market in Art (Kent: Tonbridge Printers) SINGER, L.P., 1988. "Phenomenology and Economics of Art Markets: An Art Historical Perspective", Journal of Cultural Economics, Vol.12, no1 STEIN, J.P., 1977. "The Monetary Appreciation of Paintings". The Journal of Political Economy, vol.85-5. THROSBY, D., 2001. Economics and Culture (New York: Cambridge University Press) Web Sites: www.artprice.com --------------------------------------------------------------------- [1] SAVAGE, G., 1969. The Market in Art (Kent: Tonbridge printers) p.13.
Monday, September 2, 2019
Maryland Science Assessments :: Essays Papers
Maryland Science Assessments Within the discipline of science there are facts, principles, skills, and processes of five classified standards: earth/space, biology, chemistry, physics, and environmental science. In the State of Maryland, the main assessment tool is the MSPAP (Maryland State Performance Assessment Program). Also, an individual teacher has to do assessment of his/her students throughout the school year. A teacher needs to know what to assess and how. Through an interview, a teacher of Bodkin Elementary has given her opinion about the state assessment test MSPAP. Maryland State has one major test that brings up many opinions of professionals in the education field. With state and classroom assessments Maryland’s intention is to measure their school improvement within the discipline of science as well as mathematics, reading, writing, language usage, and social studies. The Maryland State Performance Assessment Program (MSPAP) is "an assessment or testing program whose primary purpose is to provide information that can be used to improve instruction in schools"(MSDE, 1999). Students in third, fifth, and eighth grades take the MSPAP assessment each May. The assessment was created to be able to test the how well the students could solve problems both individually and with others, to see if they can use background knowledge to solve real world problems and to see if students can use knowledge from one subject into another. Students normally work in groups to complete the task they are given for each subject. Students are required to write extensively unlike other forms of assessment or testing where students fill out bubble forms such as scantron. The MSPAP assessment takes five days with 105 minutes spent each day on the assessment. Sample problems are given to teachers to help their students prepare for they type of activities and writing assignments they will be given on the task. One example task for eighth grade science students is to look at scientific data on the solar system and to write at least three questions that they can ask after looking at the data(Carr, 2000). After students have asked the questions they then need to "describe three repeating patterns of astronomical change that occur in the sky above us"(Carr, 2000) The MSPAP was created in May, 1990 by many teachers and administrators after the State Board of Education came up with learning goals that they wanted to reach by the year 2000. The MSPAP has six sections: reading, writing, language use, mathematics, science, and social studies.
Sunday, September 1, 2019
Ends, Ways and Means of Us Policy Towards North Korea Essay
â€Å"Ends are defined as the strategic outcomes or the end states desired. Ways are defined as the methods, tactics and procedures, practices, and strategies to achieve the ends. Means are defined as the resources required to achieve the ends, such as troops, weapons systems, money, political will and time. †MG Dennis J. Laich, USAR, Retired President Obama stated in the 2010 National Security Strategy that his administration â€Å"has no greater responsibility than the safety and security of the American people†(Obama, 2010, 4). In order to successfully safeguard and secure America, the administration must have clear foreign policy delineating how it will deal with the various states across the globe that pose potential threats to America. One of these is North Korea. The US policy ends this essay will focus on are denuclearization and the improvement of North Korea’s human rights record. The Obama Administration inherited a difficult situation with regard to North Korea’s continued attempts to advance its nuclear weapons program. The ends of US policy regarding North Korea’s nuclear weapons program is successful denuclearization of the Korean peninsula (Obama, 2010, 23). President Obama stated in his 2010 National Security Strategy, â€Å"if they [North Korea] ignore their international obligations, we will pursue multiple means to increase their isolation and bring them into compliance†(Ibid, 24). During his first term, President Obama chose to continue the Bush Administration’s policy of direct, bilateral diplomacy in effort to reduce North Korea’s nuclear threat (Klingner, 2009, 1). This effort included enforcement of existing sanctions, expansion of the Proliferation Security Initiative and demanding North Korean compliance with U. N. Security Council resolutions regarding the dissolution of Pyongyang’s nuclear program (Ibid). The US continues to use U. N. sanctions and diplomatic effort to reduce the nuclear threat North Korea presents. However, US policy does not focus solely on the denuclearization of North Korea. It also addresses other issues North Korea brings to the international stage such as human rights violations posed on the international front as well. Non-proliferation of nuclear weapons is usually considered the main focus of US policy towards North Korea; however, issues such as North Korea’s illicit activities and human rights violations are also of concern (Chanlett-Avery, 2011). The strategy of the Obama Administration is to influence North Korea to improve its human rights record through international pressure and direct support via the North Korean Human Rights Act (Ibid, 13). The North Korean Human Rights Act (NKHRA) authorizes funds to support human rights efforts in North Korea and improve the flow of information to and from the country. It also requires the President to appoint a Special Envoy on human rights in North Korea. Additionally, it allows for North Koreans to apply for asylum in the United States (Ibid, 14). As of 2011, relatively few North Korean refugees live in the US, but the program continues to â€Å"facilitate the unhindered dissemination of information in North Korea†through Korean language radio broadcasts funded through the NKHRA’s $2M annual budget (Ibid). The ways and means of US policy towards North Korea require dedication, diligence and comprehensive confrontation using a combination of all instruments of national power (Ibid, 9). Nuclear proliferation may be the main issue between the US and North Korea, but it is not the only one. The US is also engaged with North Korea in effort to improve Pyongyang’s human rights record and improve the way the North Korean government treats its populace. US policy toward North Korea has proven to be similar to dealing with an obstinate, attention seeking child and will require patience and willingness to use all instruments of power should there be no other alternative.
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